Identity area
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Authorized form of name
Charles II, King of Great Britain and Ireland
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Description area
Dates of existence
1630-1685
History
Charles II was born on the 29th of May 1630, at St James’s Palace. He was the second son of Charles I, King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, but the first to survive. When the English Civil War broke out in 1642, Charles spent most of the conflict with his father until he was sent to the west country to lead the royalist forces. When King Charles surrendered to the Scots, the prince went to his mother in France. His father was executed in January of 1649, and Charles ascended to the throne of Scotland, where he reigned until 1651. He was then exiled again to France.
With the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles returned to England and to the throne. He married Catherine of Braganza, the Portugeuse infanta. The couple had no children, but Charles himself had many children by various mistresses. With no legitimate heir, when Charles died on the 6th February 1685, he was succeeded to the throne by his brother, James II.
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Sources
Paul Seaward, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2011): https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-5144?rskey=Iyw37d&result=4#odnb-9780198614128-e-5144-div1-d289114e5427
Mark A. Kishlansky and John Morrill, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2008): https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-5143#odnb-9780198614128-e-5143